Examples of Posthumous Fame?
Vincent van Gogh was unappreciated during his lifetime, and gained all of his fame in the years after his death. What other now-famous authors or artists have achieved their success and claims-to-fame after they have died?
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Edgar Allan Poe
“The man of knowledge must be able not only to love his enemies but also to hate his friends.”
― Friedrich Nietzsche
Emily Dickinson
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To some degree, in terms of sales at least, Stieg Larsson.

Melville and about a thousand other writers, composers, and visual artists.
Nick Drake
Robert Johnson

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebrity_culture
“The man of knowledge must be able not only to love his enemies but also to hate his friends.”
― Friedrich Nietzsche
Beethoven.
Beethoven was hugely popular during his life.
This is why we can't have nice things.
Yes, until his mid-twenties, but then his popularity dwindled and people started to dislike him and stop hiring him, and he died in poverty. He was buried in an unmarked grave. It wasn't until decades later that people began to appreciate all of his work and gave him a proper burying.
I guess it's in the phrasing of the original question, and what we are to consider "fame". Beethoven had had both fame and fortune during his life, but had fallen out of favor by the time of his death, only to be rescued from oblivion by a later generation. Too, Melville was a popular seller during his early years as a writer, but declined later only to be rediscovered years after his death.
Franz Schubert would be a much better example of a classical composer almost completely unknown during his life but who is now recognized as one of the greatest of composers.
This is why we can't have nice things.


that dude that wrote A CONFEDERACY OF DUNCES. his mom found the manuscripts in his drawer, after he had killed himself. i believe they were published as-is
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http://darkroomreview.blogspot.com
“...There are so many ways of being despicable it quite makes one's head spin. But the way to be really despicable is to be contemptuous of other people's pain. You ought to have some apprehension that the man you see before you was once even younger than you are now and arrived at his present wretchedness by imperceptible degrees.”
-James Baldwin